Information of Supernovas

Hello teacher Marsella!!!!
This week we couldn't work on the Mediateca because it wasn't on service.

I worked on my house with Diana and this is our information:

The supernovas are heavenly bodies that are on explosion danger. If a supernova explodes with it, can cause the origin of a new start. The Big Bang was a Supernova that origin the Solar sistem and that is important for us.
We will talk about the Solar Sistem origin:
When the Universe have just stars and doesn't exist planets, have a big explosion caused for a star. This explosion caused a big cloud of gas and cosmic powder. These materials were joined together to create the planets and their satellites. This formation create the Milk way and
the life on the third planet of the Solar Sistem: "the Earth."
It's fabolous for us to know that the Earth was a “trash” of the space and then it was the result of a Supernova. We think that the life on the Earth is fantastic and his history is very important for all the people that live in this planet.
Well…this could be the introduction of our work and we go to work on a presentation in Power Point.
Our bibliography is:
O., Monticelli, New Tematic Encyclopaedia, Paraguay, Richards editorial, 7ª edition, 535 pages, 1967.
Ríos, Magdalena, Atlas Universal and of México, Mexico DF, Trillas editorial, 96 pages, 2001.
Mitchell Beazley Encyclopaedias Limited, The Eartht, Spain, Salvat editorial, 125 pages, 1985.
Content:
A supernova is a stellar explosion that creates an extremely luminous object. A supernova causes a burst of radiation that may briefly outshine its entire host galaxy before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the Sun would emit over 10 billion years.This is so surprising; can you ever imagine this power that has the supernovas?The explosion throws materials a velocity of up to a tenth the speed of light, driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant.Several types of supernovae exist that may be triggered in one of two ways, involving either turning off or suddenly turning on the production of energy through nuclear fusion. After the core of an aging massive star ceases to generate energy from nuclear fusion, it may undergo sudden gravitational collapse into a neutron star or black hole, releasing gravitational potential energy that heats and expels the star's outer layers.Supernova in other galaxies cannot be predicted with any meaningful accuracy. When they are discovered, they are already in progress. Most scientific interest in supernovae—as standard candles for measuring distance, for example—require an observation of their peak luminosity. It is therefore important to discover them well before they reach their maximum. Amateur astronomers, who greatly outnumber professional astronomers, have played an important role in finding supernovae, typically by looking at some of the closer galaxies through an optical telescope and comparing them to earlier photographs.Supernova searches fall into two classes: those focused on relatively nearby events and those looking for explosions farther away. Because of the expansion of the universe, the distance to a remote object with a known emission spectrum can be estimated by measuring its Doppler shift (or redshift); on average, more distant objects recede with greater velocity than those nearby, and so have a higher redshift. Thus the search is split between high redshift and low redshift, with the boundary falling around a redshift range of z = 0.1–0.3—where z is a dimensionless measure of the spectrum's frequency shift.Tape AOne model for the formation of this category of supernova is a close binary star system. The larger of the two stars is the first to evolve off the main sequence, and it expands to form a red giant. The two stars now share a common envelope, causing their mutual orbit to shrink. The giant star then sheds most of its envelope, losing mass until it can no longer continue nuclear fusion. At this point it becomes a white dwarf star, composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Eventually the secondary star also evolves off the main sequence to form a red giant. Matter from the giant is accreted by the white dwarf, causing the latter to increase in mass.TYPE BThese events, like supernovae of Type II, are probably massive stars running out of fuel at their centers; however, the progenitors of Types Ib and Ic have lost most of their outer (hydrogen) envelopes due to strong stellar winds or else from interaction with a companion. Type Ib supernovae are thought to be the result of the collapse of a massive Wolf-Rayet star. There is some evidence that a few percent of the Type Ic supernovae may be the progenitors of gamma ray bursts (GRB), though it is also believed that any hydrogen-stripped, Type Ib or Ic supernova could be a GRB, dependent upon the geometry of the explosion.Impact on EarthA near-Earth supernova is an explosion resulting from the death of a star that occurs close enough to the Earth (roughly fewer than 100 light-years away) to have noticeable effects on its biosphere. Gamma rays are responsible for most of the adverse effects a supernova can have on a living terrestrial planet. In Earth's case, gamma rays induce a chemical reaction in the upper atmosphere, converting molecular nitrogen into nitrogen oxides, depleting the ozone layer enough to expose the surface to harmful solar and cosmic radiation. The gamma ray burst from a nearby supernova explosion has been proposed as the cause of the end Ordovician extinction, which resulted in the death of nearly 60% of the oceanic life on Earth.Speculation as to the effects of a nearby supernova on Earth often focuses on large stars as Type II supernova candidates. Several prominent stars within a few hundred light years from the Sun are candidates for becoming supernovae in as little as a millennium. One example is Betelgeuse, a red supergiant 427 light-years from Earth. Though spectacular, these "predictable" supernovae are thought to have little potential to affect Earth.Recent estimates predict that a Type II supernova would have to be closer than eight parsecs (26 light-years) to destroy half of the Earth's ozone layer.Such estimates are mostly concerned with atmospheric modeling and considered only the known radiation flux from SN 1987A, a Type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Estimates of the rate of supernova occurrence within 10 parsecs of the Earth vary from once every 100 million years to once every one to ten billion years.Type Ia supernovae are thought to be potentially the most dangerous if they occur close enough to the Earth. Because Type Ia supernovae arise from dim, common white dwarf stars, it is likely that a supernova that could affect the Earth will occur unpredictably and take place in a star system that is not well studied. One theory suggests that a Type IA supernova would have to be closer than a thousand parsecs (3300 light-years) to affect the Earth.

Opinion:We think this is an incredible topic, it had a lot of information, and it gave me surprised, of the power of supernovas have, this is incredible.Well, we want also to make a type of presentation, because the images that we got were annoyed.I think the world of the universe is amazing.

Welll teacher, this was we work. See you next class.